三脚架类型：如何选择相机三脚架？
2020.09.15 | 阅读时间：10分钟
作者：Steve Gosling
三脚架选购指南
那么，在选择三脚架的时候，我要寻求什么呢？
我承认，三脚架看起来或许不是最具吸引力的器材，但它也可能是最重要的一件，可以帮助你最大化相机和镜头的投资收益。
当我问自己我应该买什么样的三脚架时，我会先在网上查看脚架规格，特别是：
三脚架尺寸
三脚架展开有多高（中轴升起及放下）？对于风光摄影而言，我通常希望脚架展开可以和眼睛平齐，且不需要再升高中轴。切记，如果你需要经常在不平整地面（大多数风光可没有保龄球场地的绿色地面！）那么在最大高度上多留些余地是有用的。
最小高度对拍摄近地场景也很重要，这是我选择可拆中轴三脚架的原因之一。
三脚架完全收起后有多长？当我在国外旅行时，三脚架必须在我飞往目的地前收进托运行李箱中，紧凑的设计就很关键。有着更多脚管节数的三脚架通常可以折叠到一个更小的尺寸（有可能会牺牲一些稳定性，但我不得不说，我的捷信三脚架在实践中从来没有遇到这个问题）。
三脚架重量
你应该选多重的三脚架？当乘飞机旅行或是要携带三脚架远足时，三脚架的重量是另一个重要的考虑因素。
我所有的三脚架都是碳纤维的，这在强度、稳定性和重量之间提供了一个很好的平衡。它们比铝合金脚架轻得多（尽管后者通常更便宜）。
三脚架承重
从轻便的小型无反相机到高分辨率的中画幅相机，我会使用不同的相机。所以，在选择三脚架类型时，我不仅要注意要用它拍什么（例如风光、旅行），还要关注打算用什么样的相机系统。所选三脚架的承重能力需大于最重的相机+镜头组合，才能确保安全支撑。
其它因素
Twist locks or quick release?
My preference is for the former because with a quality construction they are stronger & more stable, but some people find them fiddly to use.
Do you need the rotating centre column?
Some tripods have a centre column that can be moved from the vertical position to a horizontal orientation (especially useful for macro or still life
Can you change the tripod feet?
Rubber feet are great for indoor use, spikes are best suited to outdoor use on soft dirt or hard rock, snowshoes are useful in the snow and when working in sand. I like to use the Gitzo ‘Big Foot’. Tripods that offer all of these options give the greatest flexibility.
Are you able to adjust the angle of the legs?
A tripod that offers a range of leg angle options allows you to splay the legs out a greater angle for low level work or to set each leg at a different angle when working on uneven ground.
旋锁还是快锁？
我更喜欢前者，因为优质结构确保了脚架更坚固和稳定，但也有人觉得它们用起来很麻烦。
是否需要横置中轴？
一些三脚架的中轴可以从垂直位置切换到水平方向（特别适用于微距或静物摄影）。
是否可以更换脚钉？
橡胶脚钉非常适合在室内使用，金属脚钉则适用于室外柔软土地或坚硬岩石，雪地脚板在雪地和沙地中工作时很有用。而我喜欢用捷信的脚架“大脚板”。如果三脚架提供了多种脚钉，就具备了更多灵活性。
是否可以调整脚管角度？
设有多个脚管角度的三脚架，让您可以展开脚管获得更多拍摄视角（尤其是低角度拍摄)，又或是在不平整地面，将每根脚管设置成不同角度，确保相机平稳。
Do you need the rotating centre column?
Some tripods have a centre column that can be moved from the vertical position to a horizontal orientation (especially useful for macro or still life
Can you change the tripod feet?
Rubber feet are great for indoor use, spikes are best suited to outdoor use on soft dirt or hard rock, snowshoes are useful in the snow and when working in sand. I like to use the Gitzo ‘Big Foot’. Tripods that offer all of these options give the greatest flexibility.
Are you able to adjust the angle of the legs?
A tripod that offers a range of leg angle options allows you to splay the legs out a greater angle for low level work or to set each leg at a different angle when working on uneven ground.
我的三脚架选择
为帮助你快速了解我选择的三脚架，我将在下面介绍我使用的三脚架以及对我来说最重要的功能。这些都是捷信的碳纤维三脚架。
系统家三脚架：强度、刚性，但相对轻量的选择。当我在户外景观工作，需要一个稳定的三脚架，我可以轻松地经常性长距离步行携带它。我的Gitzo系统还让我能够适应钉子或大脚在不同的表面上使用。我的捷信系统家还能根据不同的地面选用脚钉或大脚板。
登山者三脚架：这比系统家三脚架更小更轻。我常在海外工作并使用中画幅相机拍摄时选择捷信登山者。其展开高度可以在不升高中轴时与眼睛平齐，而且中轴也可拆下或翻转，以便在需要时尽可能低角度拍摄。脚架脚管可以以不同的角度伸展，以适应不平整地面。
旅行者三脚架：适合海外旅行（严格的尺寸和重量限制是重要的考虑因素）并使用轻便、小巧的无反相机拍摄时。
迷你旅行者三脚架：当我需要非常轻负的旅行，无法确定要带上其它三脚架，就会拿起捷信迷你旅行者“以防万一”。
A Systematic GT4543LS tripod – chosen for its strength, rigidity but relatively light weight when I am working in the landscape and require a stable tripod that I can easily carry for the frequently long distances I have to walk with my kit. My Gitzo Systematic also gives me the ability to fit spikes or a Big Foot for use on different surfaces.
A Mountaineer GT3542L tripod – which is smaller and lighter than my Systematic tripod, so I use the Gitzo Mountaineer when I am working overseas and have to fly with my kit but still want to use my medium format camera system. It not only comes to eye level without raising the centre column, but the centre column can also be removed or reversed to allow me to get as low to the ground as possible when required.
Both these tripods also allow for the legs to be extended at different angles which gives me maximum flexibility on uneven ground.
An Explorer GT2541EX tripod – this tripod is several years old now and no longer made but I still use it a lot for macro and still life photography as it has legs that can be set at any angle and a centre column that can be rotated and extended at 90 degrees to the legs, meaning it is possible to contort it into a wide variety of flexible positions. The Manfrotto 55XPRO3 (which is currently available) has a very similar facility or Gitzo make an accessory lateral sliding arm that can be fitted to my other tripods to provide the same function.
A GT2545T Series 2 Traveller tripod – great when I am travelling overseas (where strict size and weight restrictions are an important consideration) and I am shooting with a light/small mirrorless camera system.
A Mini Traveller tripod – for when I need to travel very light and cannot justify taking one of my other tripods then I will carry my Gitzo Mini Traveler ‘just in case’.
Steve Gosling
Steve Gosling是一位专业摄影师，专于创作当代创意景观和旅游影像。他的黑白照片作品多次在知名国际比赛中获奖，他的艺术摄影作品也在各地展出。他通过文字表达对摄影的热爱，并乐于进行摄影教学，已成功运营了一个摄影研习班超过20年，鼓舞和激励着来自世界各地的摄影师。